Biografi

My name is Agung Noegraha, I am the first child of two brothers,  I have a younger  sister . I was born in Bekasi on June 23, 1992 , my current age of 22 years . From childhood until now I live in East Bekasi  is still with both parents and my sister .

The first time I became a studying in TK kusuma for one year, with a naive and innocent face and get to know new playmate in my young age. After that I entered elementary school SDN Margajaya 4 , there I taught a variety of basic science and have many good friends . After graduating from elementary school to junior high school continue that SMP 11 Bekasi , during the three years of study there I get a lot of new and exciting experiences . After graduating from junior high school I went to high school in SMA PGRI 1 Bekasi  over , when the period of the introduction of school I was told to wear a bag of the bag and wear socks with different colors . I follow a lot of activities in schools , one of which intra- school organization that adds a new experience . In high school I had a lot of very good friends , we always work together so much easier task . We also always play and spend time together , laughter that always made ​​the atmosphere lively . When grade 12 we had to prepare for the national exam that is by many following the addition of material from the school in hopes of graduating with a satisfactory score .

After graduating high school I went to look for colleges at the University Gunadarma , I follow all the activities that must be performed by a new student . Almost 4 years I was a student Gunadarma , many activities that I follow on campus such as workshops and courses are mandatory for the trial hearing one of the requirements , and I attended various seminars held on campus for additional certificates . I also do scientific writing to earn a baccalaureate degree . Currently I have entered the final semester and is working on a thesis , I hope to finish with a good thesis and to graduate on time . Hopefully what I'm running now and then can run smoothly in accordance with my expectations and could be proud parents .

Go ahead, don’t look back, don’t give up, do the best, trust God, trust yourself and you will always get better for your life. And the last don't forget to thankful.

Adidas Business In Indonesia

Adidas Business In Indonesia

They are the ultimate status symbols for sports stars and street-conscious young people. With their trademark three stripes, Adidas clothes cost a small fortune to buy and are promoted by world-famous names such as England skipper David Beckham, Olympic heptathlete Denise Lewis and Russian tennis player Anna Kournikova. But the company will this week become embroiled in controversy when the European Parliament hears of the barbaric treatment of employees in Indonesian sweatshop factories supplying the German conglomerate. The Parliament will be told that clothes for Adidas were made in two factories using child labour, forced overtime and sexual harassment. Representatives of workers in two Indonesian factories supplying the German company,will tell Euro MPs that in the Nikomax Gemilang and Tuntex factories, in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta, children as young as 15 were:
made to work 15-hour days;
expected to do at least 70 hours a week and punished for refusing to do overtime;
paid less than $60 a month, rates below the International Labour Organisation's demand for a living wage;
penalised for taking leave during medical difficulties and had illegal deductions taken from wages as punishments for minor misdemeanours.
Sports goods companies have been criticised for exploiting workers in the developing world before. There was a storm just before the 1998 World Cup, after footballs bearing the Manchester United club crest were being made by child labourers in India, working for as little as 6p an hour. Cricket ball manufacturers were also criticised.
A report by Christian Aid revealed that children, some as young as seven, were regularly used in the production of a wide range of sports goods in India. Most of the £13m worth of goods went to Britain.
Last year a worker from a Bangkok factory for Adidas claimed that for less than £1 per day she worked 12-hour shifts seven days a week, producing sportswear, shoes and replica kits for the company.
She claimed conditions were poor in the Thai factory and the management acted brutally to meet large orders within a limited time, often denying workers statutory rights such as holidays and sick pay. The accusations are similar to those made by the Indonesian workers.
The woman was eventually sacked in 1998 along with 23 others after they formed a union in an attempt to win more rights. The factory management claimed she was a disruptive influence.
Most Adidas goods are produced in Third World countries, particularly Asia, with orders awarded to locally run factories. Many orders are sub-contracted at local level, leading to claims that the companies have little idea of where and how their goods are produced.
Adidas denies ignoring workers' rights for the sake of profit, claiming they have strict labour codes and constantly monitoring wage levels and conditions to ensure a good working environment.
Adidas spokesman Peter Csanadi countered the allegations earlier this year: 'We have factories where the conditions are very good and we take this whole issue very seriously,' he said. 'We know we have had problems, and we had to terminate some contracts because we saw that the management were not interested in good working conditions.
'We work closely with factory management and demand that they ensure good conditions for workers. We also have a team of our own people who go to factories to sort out problems.'
Adidas, whose football shirts sell in a British high street store for more than £50, have admitted problems at the two Indonesian factories and have recently increased pay and taken steps to ease overtime demands. Copies of the labourers' identity cards are now held at the Nikomas factory to ensure that no under-18s work there.
The company admitted that at the Tuntex plant quotas were set too high. Workers complained of being fined for coming to work five minutes late. Adidas confirmed that women who took leave when menstruating, as legally entitled, lost an attendance bonus of 6,000 Rupiah (50p) and that a manager had been sacked for sexual harassment.
Pay at the Nikomas plant was increased to more than 9,000 Rs (75p per day) following the campaigners complaints, Adidas said.
The campaigners hope that the publicity surrounding the hearings next week will force states to become involved in the regulatory process.
Ingborg Wick, who oversaw much of the research, said yesterday that government involvement was crucial.'There has to be some overview of voluntary codes that companies sign with campaigners. There also needs to be an institutional framework and legal monitoring to ensure social standards in Third World production,' she said. The hearings - by the European Parliament's Development Committee - have been organised by Richard Howitt, the British MEP.

It's no secret why Adidas and other sportswear brands such as Nike, Gap, H&M and others get most of their products manufactured in developing countries. Wages are cheap, labour law is lax, and people are desperate for jobs. Over the past decade, such companies – in response to public pressure – have taken steps to monitor their supply chains, enforcing minimum pay and conditions and outlawing child labour.

But as The Independent investigation of Adidas's Olympic suppliers demonstrates, along with other scandals such as the mistreatment of Chinese workers making Apple products, it is very difficult to control conditions in locally managed factories.
Adidas says it is committed to "ensuring fair labour practices, fair wages and safe working conditions throughout our global supply chain". It conducts hundreds of factory audits annually in 69 countries where it does business. However, workers in its Indonesian factories told The Independent that the audits are farcical.
"They're always announced beforehand, so we have to clean, we have to sweep," said Jamiatun, a union leader at PT Golden Continental, which is not an Olympic contractor. "The first-aid box is filled, and we're told what to say if the inspector speaks to us. We have to tell them we're paid the minimum wage, and we mustn't tell them we work overtime at weekends."
Ratna, a worker at PT Panarub, said: "They [the management] get people to hide in bathrooms, so there are fewer people on the production line and it looks more efficient. If Adidas wants to ask questions, the workers are prepared beforehand with questions and answers. We can never tell the truth, otherwise we might lose our jobs."
Adidas suppliers are required to display its workplace standards on the factory wall. In several factories, workers say the code is not displayed or has been taken down.
However, they also say that Adidas has been helpful at times in resolving complaints. Golden Castle workers used to have to work from early morning until 11pm on occasions; that stopped after they contacted the company's Indonesian representatives.
Anna McMullen, a spokeswoman for the Playfair 2012 campaign, a coalition of international groups seeking a "sweat-free Olympics", said yesterday: "Adidas's own safeguards have failed, as this is an industry which defaults to the lowest standards in order to make the most profit. Unless proactive intervention is taken to deliver living wages and rights, workplaces like these will continue to be the norm."

In one Adidas factory, the lowest-paid employee received a miserly 14 cents an hour.
Hilary cites as one example a factory that makes baseball caps for Adidas. One in five employees interviewed clocked in more than 90 hours a week—in breach of Bangladeshi law—with the lowest-paid staff receiving a miserly 9 pence (14 cents) an hour. Four in five workers described verbal abuse from their managers, two in five said they’ve been pushed, and half claimed public humiliation. Sexual harrassment of female workers was just as widespread.
“They have slapped, kicked and pushed me often,” says Hajera Khanom, who works in a factory that supplies goods to Puma. “Calling us by abusive names is frequently done. This hurt us emotionally and mentally.” Poppy Akter, from the same factory, has been scolded with “very bad language, slapped, pulled by the hair, made to stand on the table and threatened to be fired and sent to jail.”
Although Sebastian Coe of the London Olympics organizing committee, has asked Adidas to uphold ethical standards at factories directly making Olympic-branded goods, such as the Stella McCartney-designed uniforms for Olympic volunteers, he does not seek the same of the company’s other factories.
“Lord Coe has called the Games ‘a powerful lever of change, improving lives across the world,’” says Murray Worthy, a sweatshop campaigner at War on Want. “Yet this research shows the appalling abuses committed by a company the games have endorsed. If the London 2012 organizers are serious about improving lives across the world they must demand that their official partners respect basic human rights wherever they operate. We hope they will make clear that they believe these conditions are completely unacceptable.”

Passive Voice Refrensi Internet dan Buku

Passsive Voice

Refrensi  dari Internet

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. 

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.

Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen		Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be		PP
I	am		paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is		used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are		washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are		consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was		edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were		edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

References:

1.      The Passive. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv65.shtml. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

2.      Passive Voice. http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/passive-voice/. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

3.      Active/Passive Voice. http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

4.      The Passive Voice. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

5.      Passive Voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid It. http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/style-and-editing/passive-voice. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

6.      Passive Voice. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_passive.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

PASSIVE VOICE

1.     Refrensi Buku 1

A. Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.

Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.

Contoh :

Active voice : They catch some cat in the cage.

Passive voice : Some cat are catched by Them in the cage. Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:

1.      Object dari active voice “some cat” menjadi subject dari passive voice

2.      Subject dari active voice (they) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun they menjadi object pronoun them.

3.      Verb1 (catch) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (catched) pada passive voice.

4.      Ditambahkannya be are di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.

5.      Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3.

6.      Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.

B.     Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Passive voice : that comic is being bought by sudibya à Active voice : Sudibya is buying that comic.

Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan:

1.      Object dari passive voice sudibya menjadi subject dari active voice.

2.      Subject dari passive voice that comic menjadi object dari active voice.

3.      Verb 3 (bought) pada passive voice berubah menjadi buying dan bila pada active voicenya verb 1 + ing maka pada passive voice harus ditambahkan being.

1. Simple present : Active : (S+V1) à Passive : to be (is/am/are) verb 3
2. Present Continuos: Active : (S+to be(is/am/are)+V+ing) à Passive : to be (is/am/are)+being+V3
3. Present Perfect: Active : (S+have/has+V3) à Passive : (have/has+been+V3)
4. Simple Past: Active : (S+V2) à Passive : to be ( was/were+V3)
5. Past Continuous: Active : S+to be (was/were)+Verb+ing) à Passive : to be (was/were)+being+V3
6. Past Perfect Active : (S+had+V3) à Passive : (had+been+V3)

Contoh kalimat active dan passive berdasarkan tense nya adalah sebagai berikut:

1.      Simple present

Active: I read a newspaper à Passive : A newspaper is read by me.

Active: Felix sweeps the floor every day. à Passive : The floor is swept by felix every day.

Active : we hunt some pig. à Passive : Some pig are hunted by us.

2.      Present Continuous

Active : He is drinking a cup of tea. à Passive : A cup of tea is being drunk by him.

Active : They are catching some cat at the moment. à Passive : Some cat are being catched by them at the moment.

Active : Felix is sweeping the floor now. à Passive : The floor is being swept by felix now.

3.      Present Perfect

Active : felix has swept the floor à Passive : The floor has been swept by felix.

Active : Sudibya has bought that book of knowledge. à Passive : That book of knowledge has been bought by sudibya.

 

Active : They have catched some fish. à Passive : Some fish have been catched by them.

1.      Simple past

Active : she ate some fried chicken. à Passive : Some fried chicken was eaten by her.

Active : Felix swept the floor. à Passive : The floor was swept by felix.

Active : they hunted some pig à Passive : Some pig were hunted by them.

2.      Past Continuos

Active : Felix was sweeping the room. à Passive : The room was being swept by felix.

Active : Rivan ws recording our conversation. à Passive : Our conversation was being recorded by rivan.

Active : They were catching some fish. à Passive : Some fish were being catched by them.

3.      Past Perfect

Active : Lucida had swabt the class room. à Passive : Class room had been swabt by lucida.

Active : They had hunted some pig.  à Passive : Some pig had been hunted by them.

Active : They have ordered some Chinese food. à Passive : Some Chinese food has been ordered by them.

Refrensi Buku 1 :

Simanjuntak, Herpinus.1992. Menguasai Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Buku catatan bahasa inggris

3.     Refrensi Buku 2

A.    Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive Voice yang di dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut juga kalimat pasif, adalah bentuk kalimat yang lebih menekankan objek (nomina penderita) daripada subjek (pelaku). Ketika diterjemahkan, kalimat ini diawali dengan awalan di-/ ter- yang berawalan dengan kalimat aktif, berawalan me- atau ber-.

B.     Pola Kalimat

Pola kalimat yang digunakan pada passive voice adalah dibentuk dari :

                                    to be + Verb-3 (past participle)

 

Active                                                                          Passive

to give     = mengambil                                              to be given      = diambil

to receive = menerima                                                 to be received  = diterima

Contoh :                                                  

v  Has a dog ever bitten you? – have you ever bitten by a dog?

v  My grandfather built this house – this house was built by my grandfather

Ø  Present simple am/is/are + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody clean this room everyday

Passive            : This room is cleaned everyday

v  Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving

v  I’m not often invited to parties

v  How many people are injured inroad accident everyday

Ø  Past simple was/were + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody cleaned this room yesterday

Passive            : This room was cleaned yesterday

v  During the night we were all waken up by a loud explosion

v  When was that castle built

v  The house wasn’t damaged in the storm but a tree was blown down

Ø  Present continuous am/is/are + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment

Passive            : The room is being cleaned at the moment

v  Look at those old houses! They are being knocked down

v  (shoop assistant to customer) Are you being served, madam?

Ø  Past continuous was/were being + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived

Passive            : The room was being cleaned when I arrived

v  Suddenly I heard footsteps behind me. We were being followed

Ø  Present perfect have / has been + Verb-3

Active             : The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it                                

Passive            : The room looks nice. It has been cleaned                                

v  Have you heard the news? They president has been shot

v  Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

v  I’m not going to the party. I haven’t been invited

Ø  Past perfect had been + Verb-3

Active             : The room looked much better. Somebody had cleaned it  

Passive            : The room locked much better. It had been cleaned

v  Jim didn’t know about the change of plans. He hadn’t been told.

Refrensi Buku 2 :

Buku SPMB konsultan Pendidikan Salemba Group divisi bimbingan tes alumni    salemba Jakarta.