Passive Voice Refrensi Internet dan Buku

Passsive Voice

Refrensi  dari Internet

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. 

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.

Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen		Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be		PP
I	am		paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is		used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are		washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are		consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was		edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were		edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

References:

1.      The Passive. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv65.shtml. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

2.      Passive Voice. http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/passive-voice/. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

3.      Active/Passive Voice. http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

4.      The Passive Voice. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

5.      Passive Voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid It. http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/style-and-editing/passive-voice. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

6.      Passive Voice. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_passive.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

PASSIVE VOICE

1.     Refrensi Buku 1

A. Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.

Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.

Contoh :

Active voice : They catch some cat in the cage.

Passive voice : Some cat are catched by Them in the cage. Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:

1.      Object dari active voice “some cat” menjadi subject dari passive voice

2.      Subject dari active voice (they) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun they menjadi object pronoun them.

3.      Verb1 (catch) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (catched) pada passive voice.

4.      Ditambahkannya be are di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.

5.      Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3.

6.      Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.

B.     Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Passive voice : that comic is being bought by sudibya à Active voice : Sudibya is buying that comic.

Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan:

1.      Object dari passive voice sudibya menjadi subject dari active voice.

2.      Subject dari passive voice that comic menjadi object dari active voice.

3.      Verb 3 (bought) pada passive voice berubah menjadi buying dan bila pada active voicenya verb 1 + ing maka pada passive voice harus ditambahkan being.

1. Simple present : Active : (S+V1) à Passive : to be (is/am/are) verb 3
2. Present Continuos: Active : (S+to be(is/am/are)+V+ing) à Passive : to be (is/am/are)+being+V3
3. Present Perfect: Active : (S+have/has+V3) à Passive : (have/has+been+V3)
4. Simple Past: Active : (S+V2) à Passive : to be ( was/were+V3)
5. Past Continuous: Active : S+to be (was/were)+Verb+ing) à Passive : to be (was/were)+being+V3
6. Past Perfect Active : (S+had+V3) à Passive : (had+been+V3)

Contoh kalimat active dan passive berdasarkan tense nya adalah sebagai berikut:

1.      Simple present

Active: I read a newspaper à Passive : A newspaper is read by me.

Active: Felix sweeps the floor every day. à Passive : The floor is swept by felix every day.

Active : we hunt some pig. à Passive : Some pig are hunted by us.

2.      Present Continuous

Active : He is drinking a cup of tea. à Passive : A cup of tea is being drunk by him.

Active : They are catching some cat at the moment. à Passive : Some cat are being catched by them at the moment.

Active : Felix is sweeping the floor now. à Passive : The floor is being swept by felix now.

3.      Present Perfect

Active : felix has swept the floor à Passive : The floor has been swept by felix.

Active : Sudibya has bought that book of knowledge. à Passive : That book of knowledge has been bought by sudibya.

 

Active : They have catched some fish. à Passive : Some fish have been catched by them.

1.      Simple past

Active : she ate some fried chicken. à Passive : Some fried chicken was eaten by her.

Active : Felix swept the floor. à Passive : The floor was swept by felix.

Active : they hunted some pig à Passive : Some pig were hunted by them.

2.      Past Continuos

Active : Felix was sweeping the room. à Passive : The room was being swept by felix.

Active : Rivan ws recording our conversation. à Passive : Our conversation was being recorded by rivan.

Active : They were catching some fish. à Passive : Some fish were being catched by them.

3.      Past Perfect

Active : Lucida had swabt the class room. à Passive : Class room had been swabt by lucida.

Active : They had hunted some pig.  à Passive : Some pig had been hunted by them.

Active : They have ordered some Chinese food. à Passive : Some Chinese food has been ordered by them.

Refrensi Buku 1 :

Simanjuntak, Herpinus.1992. Menguasai Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Buku catatan bahasa inggris

3.     Refrensi Buku 2

A.    Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive Voice yang di dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut juga kalimat pasif, adalah bentuk kalimat yang lebih menekankan objek (nomina penderita) daripada subjek (pelaku). Ketika diterjemahkan, kalimat ini diawali dengan awalan di-/ ter- yang berawalan dengan kalimat aktif, berawalan me- atau ber-.

B.     Pola Kalimat

Pola kalimat yang digunakan pada passive voice adalah dibentuk dari :

                                    to be + Verb-3 (past participle)

 

Active                                                                          Passive

to give     = mengambil                                              to be given      = diambil

to receive = menerima                                                 to be received  = diterima

Contoh :                                                  

v  Has a dog ever bitten you? – have you ever bitten by a dog?

v  My grandfather built this house – this house was built by my grandfather

Ø  Present simple am/is/are + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody clean this room everyday

Passive            : This room is cleaned everyday

v  Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving

v  I’m not often invited to parties

v  How many people are injured inroad accident everyday

Ø  Past simple was/were + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody cleaned this room yesterday

Passive            : This room was cleaned yesterday

v  During the night we were all waken up by a loud explosion

v  When was that castle built

v  The house wasn’t damaged in the storm but a tree was blown down

Ø  Present continuous am/is/are + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment

Passive            : The room is being cleaned at the moment

v  Look at those old houses! They are being knocked down

v  (shoop assistant to customer) Are you being served, madam?

Ø  Past continuous was/were being + Verb-3

Active             : Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived

Passive            : The room was being cleaned when I arrived

v  Suddenly I heard footsteps behind me. We were being followed

Ø  Present perfect have / has been + Verb-3

Active             : The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it                                

Passive            : The room looks nice. It has been cleaned                                

v  Have you heard the news? They president has been shot

v  Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

v  I’m not going to the party. I haven’t been invited

Ø  Past perfect had been + Verb-3

Active             : The room looked much better. Somebody had cleaned it  

Passive            : The room locked much better. It had been cleaned

v  Jim didn’t know about the change of plans. He hadn’t been told.

Refrensi Buku 2 :

Buku SPMB konsultan Pendidikan Salemba Group divisi bimbingan tes alumni    salemba Jakarta.